海淀区2022年下学期一模参考答案

第一部分知识运用 (共两节30分)

第一节 (共10小题:每小题1.5分，共15分)

1.B；2.D；3.C；4.A；5.D；6.B；7.A；8.C；9.C；10.B；

第二节 (共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)

11.to；12.won；13.their；14.attending；15.whose；16.imaginations；17.whether ；18.has been accepted；19.shared；20.to chase；

第二部分阅读理解(共两节38分)

第一节 (共14小题:每小题2分，共28分)

A篇：21. B；22. C；23. D；

B篇：24. D；25. A；26. D；

C篇：27. C；28. C；29. A；30. B；

D篇：31.C；32. B；33. D；34.A；

第二节 (共5小题:每小题2分，共10分)

35.C；36. B；37. F；38. A；39. G；

北京海淀区2022年高三英语一模

2022.03.29

权威解析：2022年3月29日北京市海淀区高三一模英语

光阴似箭：我们刚刚结束了北京市丰台区的高三一模英语考试，3月29日我们又迎来了一年一度的北京市海淀区高三一模英语学科考试！全体同学们，大家感觉都好吧！你们是不是感觉答卷行云流水呢？【其实，海淀区的英语还是有难度的哦，哈哈……不知道你们同意不？】

今天，刘凯老师第一时间为大家进行全网独家解析，2022年度北京市海淀区高三英语学科，请大家及时关注新浪微博教育与腾讯教育频道！

各位同学们、家长、老师们：

大家好。首先我很荣幸参与2022年北京市高三英语一模全网独家解析工作！

作为2022年度高三一模解析团队一员在这里向大家问候：

祝大家2022年一切顺利！

如有纰漏还请市区各位同仁多多指正和补充！

我本次参与的解析部分如下：

第一模块：语法填空

第二部分：完形填空

第三部分：写作

第二节(20分)

假设你是红星中学高三(1)班班长李华。你班即将开展五一劳动节活动。请你给交换生Jjim写一封电子邮件邀请他参加，内容包括：

1、活动目的及安排；

2、注意事项。

注意：

1、词数100左右；

2、开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

Dear Jim，

Yours，

Li Hua

刘凯老师独家解析：

各位同学们，大家不难发现，2022年北京市海淀区高三一模英语学科的作文部分相对往年较容易，题干很明确哦，大家通过读题就不难发现这篇文章的写作要求，我们先观察下写作的背景，你班即将开展五一劳动节活动。请你给交换生Jjim写一封电子邮件邀请他参加。

这篇作文是地地道道的应用文——邀请信。

在以往，我们没少练习过这样的书信文体——邀请信，回忆下初中【中考】，那时候我们就多次写邀请信的，而2022年3月29日海淀区高三一模英语的作文也是邀请信，你们是不是很开心呢，意不意外，惊不惊喜？加油吧，孩子们，关于邀请信我们就来剖析一下吧！

邀请信写作及实战演练

邀请信：某个具体活动的邀请信件，要写清楚：

1）发出邀请；

2）参加活动的具体内容、时间和地点；

3）期待对方接受邀请。

【刘凯老师总结】

行文结构：

第一段：……

中间段：……

首先：……邀请的理由

其次：……活动目的及安排与细节展开

再次：……我的想法与过往经历

尾段：……

第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）

第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、 D四个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

I was about to sleep when someone knocked on my window. Knock, knock. Then a three-second pause. Knock, knock. Immediately I knew it was my best friend, Ben. The knock 1 was our emergency call which never means anything good.

“Whats going on?”I rushed to open the window and asked.

“怎么回事?”我冲过去打开窗户问。

Ben climbed in.“Bad news.”He gave me a 2 look, and I immediately knew what it was. My heart 3 . I gave him a nod, and he sighed in response.

“Where to?”I asked.“

去哪儿?”我问。

“Virginia."

“Thats far from Florida.

“那离佛罗里达很远。

We looked at each other knowing we were thinking the same. Both Ben and I had parents in the air-force. We were used to frequent moves.

我们看着对方，知道我们的想法是一样的。本和我的父母都在空军服役。我们已经习惯了频繁的搬家。

Ben and I became close friends since I crashed into Bens stand and sent plastic cups of lemonade flying into the heavens. At first, I 4 Florida. Everything changed, though, when I 5 roller-skated into Bens lemonade stand.本和我成了好朋友自从我撞到本的摊位，把塑料杯的柠檬水扔进了天堂。

“It must have been fate!" we claimed. But I think that, maybe, there was some 6 in that lemonade, and that as it rained down on us, it cast a spell making us friends forever.“这一定是命运!”我们断言。

“Maybe your family will get moved to Virginia too.”Ben said.

“也许你的家人也会搬到弗吉尼亚去。”本说。

“Yeah, maybe." I knew the chance was low, but I chose to hope. Ben grinned at me. Though it looked sad, I saw 7 in him too.“是的,也许吧。”我知道机会很小，但我还是选择了希望。本朝我咧嘴一笑。

“l have a lemonade stand 8 for you.”

“Then Ill pack my roller-skates.

“那我就带上我的旱冰鞋。”

"Then Ill wear a poncho (雨披)”

“那我就穿件雨披”

We 9 . The humid Florida night closed around us, and I felt a tiny drop of liquid solash on my arm. I knew it was probably rain, but still, l thought that, maybe, it was a drop of magic lemonade, because nothing on earth can break the 10 between us.

我们都笑了。潮湿的佛罗里达夜晚将我们包围，我感觉到有一小滴液体在我的手臂上。我知道可能会下雨，但我还是想，也许，那是一滴神奇的柠檬水，因为世界上没有任何东西可以打破我们之间的联系。

1.A. sound B. pattern

C. number D. symbol

2.A. playful B. grateful

C. cheerful D. meaningful

3.A. failed B. softened

C. sank D. relieved

4.A. hated B. missed

C. explored D. appreciated

5.A. gradually B. narrowly

C. constantly D. accidentally

6.A. sign B. magic

C. flavour D. wish

7.A. hope B. joy

C. courage D. support

8.A. necessary B. convenient

C. ready D. useful

9.A. struggled B. argued

C. laughed D. compromised

10.A. rule B. bond

C. barrier D. balance

刘凯老师解析：

本篇完形填空是一篇记叙文。本次一模的完形填空难度系数还可以，大家很容易领会文章大意！

文章大意是：我正要睡觉，这时有人敲我的窗户。咚,咚,然后是三秒钟的停顿。咚,咚,我立刻意识到那是我最好的朋友，本。

打开凤凰新闻，查看更多高清图片

刘凯老师介绍

刘凯，男，蒙古族，黑龙江省齐齐哈尔人。本科为哈尔滨师范大学英语系，硕士为北京理工大学。2010年赴美国宾夕法尼亚大学交流学习；2013年美国亚利桑那大学访问学者；2015年澳大利亚新南威尔士大学ESL研修；2018年加州理工学院语言学双学位获得者；2019年赴澳大利亚麦考瑞大学交流习；GRE托福考试全球高分获得者；荣获长江商学院EMBA。

北京市优秀青年教师，北京市级重点高中示范校骨干教师，多年高中一线执教经验，高三年级把关教师，多次参与东城区模拟试题命题工作，教学理念先进，教学成果突出，多篇教学论文获市区级奖项。多篇文章发表在《中国教育报》《中国考试》《北京教育》等报刊上。多次参加高考阅卷工作，参与人民教育出版社、北京教育出版社、外研社等各类高考教学用书的编写工作，有丰富的备考经验，国际核心期刊发表多篇论文。

教育部课题研究员，参与国家十二五课题计划，并作出突出贡献，参与初中、高中各年级区级试题的命制，多次承担区级和市级研究课任务。北京市科技英语优秀指导教师，所带学生在各级英语口语、作文竞赛中多次获奖；将扎实的英语基本功和严谨的学术思想作为教学的基础，课堂上善于寓教于乐，信息量大，内容丰富，使学生在和谐的课堂气氛下欣赏英语、享受英语、掌握英语、运用英语。

2009-2012年期间，多次受邀在北京广播电台主持英语高考大纲解析及英语新课程改革节目，学术功底深厚，兼具偶像派与实力派特点，教风亲切洒脱，诙谐幽默，思维开阔，屡有奇思妙想，善于引导学生学以致用，对高考动向把握极其准确，深受学生和家长欢迎。尤其擅长英语语法和单词记忆法。

海外生活学习十年，社科人文类学科偏爱者；10年雅思教龄，知名教师培训师；指导上万考生快速冲刺雅思写作、阅读，平均分数7.5分；独创“段落清空”、极简化“针对检索式”阅读法等众多高效技法；每年雅思考试均在10次以上；均分8+；真题回忆准确度97%以上；贴近西式思路和语言指导学生写作；善于帮助学生突破学术写作思维瓶颈。讲授科目有长难句、翻译、四六级考试、阅读和写作；在2014、2015、2017、2019四年考研中，接受其培训的所有考生中有近万名考生取得高分。带给学生的不只是考分的提高，更多的是对英语领悟和感知的突破。纯正的英音、独到的见解、睿智的思维和轻松幽默的语言，为其赢得了广大学生的认同和喜爱。

资深考研培训讲师；

英语四六级考试天团高级讲师；

雅思阅读、雅思写作培训主讲名师；

六级考试阅卷组成员；

深谙命题规律和解题套路，对英语的学习规律和方法见解独特。

呼吁国人学习英语的态度：

重复是记忆之母。

用听，用看，用心去触摸每个单词，你便会有好的记忆。

中国人要学好英语就要有一点点变态。

上课特点：课堂从不需点名，却无人缺席

教学理念：英语教师很幸运也有责任与学生一同叩响世界之门!

第二部分阅读理解(共两节38分)

第一节(共14小题；每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

Old and unrestored theatres are all around us and yet so unnoticed. A new photobook unveils their often overlooked beauty.

我们周围到处都是未修复的老剧院，却无人注意。一本新的相册揭示了它们经常被忽视的美。

Proctors Theatre, Newark, New Jersey

普洛克特剧院，纽瓦克，新泽西州

Although available outdoors from street sellers, food was banned in theatres to display respectability. In the late 1920s, however, the operators in Proctors Theatre in Newark began to set up stands to improve the economic situation during the Great Depression. Popcorn and Coke would become a significant part of the theatres income.虽然在户外可以从街头小贩那里买到食物，但为了显示体面，剧院里禁止吃东西。然而，在20世纪20年代末，纽瓦克的普罗克特剧院的经营者开始设立看台，以改善大萧条时期的经济状况。爆米花和可乐将成为剧院收入的重要组成部分。

Proctor’s Theatre, Troy, New York

普洛克特剧院，特洛伊，纽约

Originally opened as Proctors Fourth Street Theatre in 1914, it hosted famous comedians such as Jack Benny and Bob Hope. From 1929, it was successively taken over, renamed as Proctors Troy Theatre and switched to screening films, In the 1960s, it began playing second-run films before closing in 1977.It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places(NRHP)in 1979.In 2010. the theatre was repaired but is currently not being used today.

它最初于1914年作为普罗科特的第四街剧院开放，曾招待过杰克·本尼和鲍勃·霍普等著名喜剧演员。从1929年开始，它被陆续接管，更名为普洛克特特洛伊剧院，并转向放映电影。20世纪60年代，它开始放映第二轮电影，1977年关闭。1979年，它被列入国家历史遗迹名录(NRHP)。在2010年。剧院被修复过，但现在不使用了。

RKO Keith’s Flushing Theatre, New York

RKO Keith的法拉盛剧院，纽约

Originally opened in 1928.RKO Keiths Flushing Theatre was designed by Thomas Lamb. In 1982, it was listed on the NRHP. In 1986, the theatre was bought and closed by its new owner who planned to build a shopping centre on the site, intentionally damaging the hall. In 2019, despite the preservation efforts, the hall was knocked down to make way for a residential tower block.

最初于1928年开放。RKO Keith的法拉盛剧院由Thomas Lamb设计。1982年，它被列入NRHP。1986年，剧院被它的新主人买下并关闭，他计划在这里建造一个购物中心，故意破坏了大厅。2019年，尽管进行了保护工作，该大厅还是被拆除，为一座住宅楼让路。

Metropolitan Opera House, Philadelphia /ˌfɪləˈdelfiə/

费城大都会歌剧院

The theatre was originally opened as the Philadelphia Opera House in 1908.In the 1920s, it was renamed as the Metropolitan Opera House, showing silent films in addition to hosting various opera companies. In the 1940s, it became a sports arena. In 1954, it was turned into a church. In the late 1990s.the building was purchased by Mark Hatcher. The church and the developer came to an agreement on a repair for a music venue that was completed and reopened in 2018.

剧院最初于1908年作为费城歌剧院开放。在20世纪20年代，它被重新命名为大都会歌剧院，除了主办各种歌剧公司外，还放映无声电影。在20世纪40年代，它变成了一个运动场。1954年，它被改成了教堂。在20世纪90年代末。这栋楼被马克·海切尔买下了。教堂和开发商就音乐场地的修复达成了协议，该场地于2018年完工并重新开放。

21. In the late 1920%, Proctor’ Theatre in Newark set up stands to _______.

在1920%后期，纽瓦克的普洛克特剧院设立了看台

A. show respect for the guests

B. increase the theater’s income

C. promote newly released movies

D. compete with the street sellers

22. What can we know from the passage?

从文章中我们能知道什么?

A. RKO Keiths Flushing Theatre is well preserved.

B. Proctors Theatre in Troy plays second-run films now.

C. Metropolitan Opera House has witnessed changes in its function.

D. Proctors Theatre in Newark has been officially listed on the NRHP.

23. What is the purpose of this passage?

这篇文章的目的是什么?

A. To rank the old and unrestored theatres.

B. To show the development of American theatres.

C. To encourage people to protect the old theatres.

D. To provide information on overlooked old theatres.

B

To the untrained eye, a pingpong ball is just a pingpong ball. To a Beverly Cleary fan. its two motorcycle helmets for mice.

在外行人看来，乒乓球只是乒乓球而已。献给贝弗利·克利里的粉丝。这是给老鼠的两个摩托车头盔。

Ever since I read Clearys series about Ralph, the motorcycle-riding mouse, Ive never looked at a pingpong ball-or the world-the same way. Amazing to think that its been more than forty years since I checked out The Mouse and the Motorcycle from my school library in Northport, and yet that one particular image is as clear to me as ever.

自从我读了克利里关于骑摩托车的老鼠拉尔夫的系列小说后，我就再也没有以同样的方式看待过乒乓球——或者世界。令人惊讶的是，自从我在诺斯波特的学校图书馆里借了《老鼠和摩托车》，已经过去四十多年了，但那张特别的图片对我来说还是一如既往地清晰。

And why shouldnt it be? Its perfect.

为什么不是呢?它是完美的。

How I wanted a mouse of my own to ride a toy motorcycle around my house! Thanks to Clearys genius, a talking mouse friend seemed not only possible but probable.

我多么想要一只自己的老鼠在我的房子里骑着玩具摩托车!多亏了克利里的天才，一个会说话的老鼠朋友似乎不仅是可能的，而且是很可能的。

While much of childrens literature attempted to explain the world from the point of view of a wise and gentle adult, Cleary created characters who saw the world as only children can. With great interest, I read every book that bore Beverly Clearys name. She seemed like a friend who understood me in ways I didnt yet understand myself.

很多儿童文学作品都试图从一个聪明、温柔的成年人的角度来解释世界，而克利里创作的人物则以只有儿童才能看到的视角来看待世界。带着极大的兴趣，我读了每一本以贝弗利·克利里的名字命名的书。她似乎是一个朋友，她对我的理解，虽然我还不了解自己。

Ive written eight childrens books and have always kept Beverlys sense of wonder in mind. I dont remember at exactly what age I decided I wanted to write books, but I know that by second or third grade, my teacher assigned a project that allowed us to focus on whatever we wanted. My best friend picked dolphins; I chose childrens authors. with a large chunk of my project being about who else? Beverly Cleary!

我已经写了八本儿童读物，并一直将贝弗利的好奇心铭记在心。我不记得我是在什么年龄决定写书的，但我知道在二、三年级的时候，我的老师布置了一个项目，让我们能够专注于我们想要的任何事情。我最好的朋友选择了海豚;我选择了儿童作家。我的项目大部分都是关于谁的?贝弗莉佳!

I told that story recently to a school group. One of the students said, “Thats fantastic! You did your project on childrens authors and then you became one!”

我最近把这个故事告诉了一个学校小组。其中一个学生说:“太好了!你完成了儿童作家的研究项目，然后你就成了一个作家!”

“Yes.” I said. “And my best friend who did her project on dolphins---became a dolphin!”

“是的。”我说。“我最好的朋友做了一个关于海豚的项目，她变成了一只海豚!”

“Really?” the students said in chorus.

“真的吗?学生们异口同声地说。

And that perfectly sums up why I love writing for children: the belief that fantastic, magical things can happen. Best friends can become dolphins; mice can ride toy motorcycles and become our friends.

这完美地总结了我为什么喜欢为孩子们写作:相信奇妙、神奇的事情会发生。最好的朋友可以变成海豚;老鼠可以骑玩具摩托车，成为我们的朋友。

Thats what Beverly Cleary taught me. In the hands of a gifted storyteller, anything is possible... and so very funny.

这是贝弗利·克利里教我的。在一个有天赋的说书人手中，一切皆有可能。非常有趣。

24.The Mouse and the Motorcycle impressed the author mainly because_______.

《老鼠和摩托车》给作者留下深刻印象主要是因为

A.it recorded animals’ life

B.it revealed the wisdom of life

C.it encouraged children to raise pets

D.it described the world from childrens eyes

25.When learning the authors friend became a dolphin, the students felt ______.

当得知作者的朋友变成了海豚时，学生们感到

A. amazed B. doubtful

C. scared D. confused

26.What is the passage mainly about?

这篇文章主要讲的是什么?

A. What the author created to attract children

B. What the author did to turn impossible into possible

C. How Beverly Cleary aroused childrens interest in reading

D. How the author was inspired to be a writer by Beverly Cleary

C

When a chunk of ice fell from a collapsing glacier(冰川)on the Swiss Alps’ Mount Eiger in 2017, part of the long deep sound it produced was too low for human ears to detect. But these vibrations held a key to calculating the ice avalanches(崩塌)critical characteristics.

2017年，当一块冰从瑞士阿尔卑斯山脉艾格尔山上的一座崩塌的冰川上落下时，它产生的部分长而深沉的声音太低，人类的耳朵无法探测到。但这些振动是计算冰崩关键特征的关键。

Low-frequency sound waves called infrasound that travel great distances through the atmosphere are already used to monitor active volcanoes from afar. Now some researchers in this field have switched focus from fire to ice: dangerous blocks snapping off glaciers. Previous work has analyzed infrasound from snow avalanches but never ice, says Boise State University geophysicist Jeffrey Johnson. “This was different,” Johnson says. “A signature of a new material has been detected with infrasound."

Usually glaciers move far too slowly to generate an infrasound signal. which researchers pick up using detectors that track slight changes in air pressure. But a collapse-a sudden, rapid breaking of ice from the glaciers main body-is a prolific infrasound producer. Glacial collapses drive ice avalanches, which pose an increasing threat to people in mountainous regions as rising temperatures weaken large fields of ice, A glacier "can become detached from the ground due to melting, causing bigger break-offs.” says University of Florence geologist Emanuele Marchetti, lead author of the new study. As the threat grows, scientists seek new ways to monitor and detect such collapses.

Researchers often use radar to frack ice avalanches, which is precise hut expensive and can monitor only one specific location and neighboring avalanche paths. Infrasound, Marchetti says, is cheaper and can detect break-off events around a much broader area as well as multiple avalanches across a mountain. It is challenging, however, to separate a signal into its components (such as traffic noises, individual avalanches and nearby earthquakes) without additional measurements. says ETH Zurich glaciologist Malgorzata Chmiel.” The model used by Marchetti is a first approximation for this," she says. Isolating the relevant signal helps the researchers monitor an ice avalanches speed, path and volume from afar using infrasound

Marchetti and his colleagues are now working to improve their detectors to pick up more signals across at-risk regions in Europe, and they have set up collaborations around the continent to better understand signals that collapsing glaciers produce. They are also refining their mathematical analysis to figure out each ice cascades physical details.

27.What can we learn from Paragraph 2 and Paragraph 3?

我们能从第二段和第三段中学到什么?

A. Infrasound has a major role to play in discovering new materials.

B. Ice avalanches are a bigger threat to people than volcanic eruptions.

C. Researchers are trying to use infrasound in detecting ice avalanches.

D. Scientists employ infrasound more in mountain areas than in other places.

28.Which is an advantage of infrasound over radar?

次声雷达的优势是什么?

A. The combination with other relevant signals.

B. The accuracy in locating a certain avalanche.

C. The ability in picking up signals in wider areas.

D. The sensitivity in tracking air pressure changes.

29.The underlined word "this" in Paragraph 4 refers to

第4段中划线的“this”指的是

A. distinguishing different components of a signal

B. detecting multiple avalanches at the same time

C. calculating the speed and path of ice avalanches

D. monitoring the specific location of ice break-offs

30.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

下面哪个是这篇文章最好的标题?

A. From Fire to lee

B. Glacier Whispers

C. Nature is Warning

D. Secret of Ice Avalanches

D

In over 25 years, DeSimone has spun his research findings into commercial gold by launching several businesses. As a faculty member at the University of North Carolina, he provided scientific advice and held equity in the businesses. But he has never actually managed his companies, His employers bar him from simultaneously holding an academic post and an executive position. The dual poles can present huge conflicts.

在超过25年的时间里，德西蒙通过创办几家公司，将他的研究成果转化为商业黄金。作为北卡罗来纳大学(University of North Carolina)的教员，他提供科学建议，并持有这些企业的股权。但他从未真正管理过他的公司，他的雇主禁止他同时担任学术职位和行政职位。两极可能会带来巨大的冲突。

Conflicts of interest(COIs) occur when an individuals personal interests-family, friendships. financial, or social factors-could compromise his or her judgment, decisions, or actions in the workplace, and it makes sound career sense to think about how to manage them. Researchers should disclose potential or existing conflicts across all aspects of academic life.

In most places, COI management runs on an honor system. Researchers decide which financial holdings and relationships to disclose to university administrators. Journals and funders adopt a similar system when they ask authors and peer reviewers about potential conflicts related to manuscript or grant approvals.

Most research institutions offer training to help faculty members to understand what constitutes a potential or existing conflict. Administrators then decide whether the interest presents a conflict, and whether that conflict can be handled. If so, they create a management plan to address it. If not, researchers must abandon the work, partner with researchers at other institutions, or leave their university

Perception plays a part in defining a potential conflict, warns Walt, a chemist at Tufts University. Investigators who develop a technology in the laboratory and then transfer it to their company could create a conflict of interest in the eyes of their students, Walt says. But the potential conflict can be avoided by drafting a licensing agreement that bars discoveries from automatically being transferred to the investigators company. Walt created such an arrangement to assure his students that they werent actually working for his private companies.

Relationships can pose conflicts when conference organizers are choosing speakers. Members of the American Society for Human Genetics program committee, which selects abstracts and talks for their annual meeting, must recuse(要求回避)themselves from considering talks by, for example, researchers at their current and past institutions, close collaborators and those with whom they have personal or familial ties.

Even differing points of view can play a part. Scacheri, a geneticist who chairs the committee, says that members who have disagreed personally with potential speakers might also be obliged to recuse themselves: “If you feel like you cant be an impartial(公正的)reviewer, that is considered a COI.”

Handling COIs can be burdensome. COI managers emphasize that the goal is not to suppress innovation, but to expose potential conflicts so that they can be managed. “Nothing about the process is meant to be prohibitive,” says Grewal, a COI officer at MIT. Her institution wants to enable good science and the betterment of humanity. “During that process.” she says, “if you make some money thats good as well.”

31.The example of DeSimone in Paragraph 1 is used mainly to______.

第一段中DeSimone的例子主要用于

A. raise a question

B. report a finding

C. introduce a topic

D. present a theory

32.To better deal with COIs, _______.

A. researchers have to quit their job at the university

B. researchers should report the conflicts that possibly exist

C. institutions need to monitor the staffs career and relationships

D. institutions should train researchers to create management plans

33.What can we learn from the passage?

我们能从文章中学到什么?

A. Grewal considers COI management exhausting and costly.

B. Walt arranged to transfer discoveries at his lab to his companies.

C. Conference organizers should avoid inviting unqualified speakers

D. Scacheri believes personal viewpoints may impact a reviewers decision.

34.What can we infer from the passage?

我们能从文章中推断出什么?

A. COIs can be defined depending on interpretations.

B. COIs benefit scientific innovation and better humanity.

C.COIs arise primarily due to the pursuit of financial gains.

D.COIs can be got rid of by promoting fairness in workplaces

第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。

How much time do you spend doing research before you make a decision? There are people who go over every detail exhaustively before making a choice. 35 Psychologists call this way of thinking a cognitive bias(偏见),a tendency toward a specific mental mistake.

你在做决定之前会花多少时间做研究?有些人在做出选择之前会仔细检查每一个细节。但相当多的人会迅速得出结论。心理学家称这种思维方式为认知偏差，即倾向于某种特定的心理错误。

To study “jumping”, we examined decision-making patterns among more than 600 people from the general population. We found that jumpers made more errors than non-jumpers on problems that require thoughtful analysis. 36 In a quiz about US civics, they overestimated the chance that their answers were right significantly more than other participants did-even when their answers were wrong.

So what is behind "jumping"? Psychological researchers commonly distinguish between two pathways of thought: automatic system, which reflects ideas that come to the mind easily, spontaneously and without effort, and controlled system including conscious and effortful reasoning. Jumpers and non- jumpers are equally influenced by automatic thoughts._ 37

It is the controlled system that helps people counter balance mental biases introduced by the automatic system. As a result, jumpers were more likely to accept the conclusion made at first blush without further questioning. A lack of controlled thinking is also more broadly connected to their problematic beliefs and faulty reasoning.

38 A method called metacognitive training can be used to target their biases, which can help people think more deliberatively. In this training, participants are confronted with their own biases. They can learn about the missteps and other ways of thinking through the problem at hand. It helps to chip away at participants’ overconfidence.

In everyday life, the question of whether we should think things through or instead go with our gut is a frequent and important one, 39 Sometimes the most important decision we make can be to take some more time before making a choice.

A. Happily, there may be some hope for jumpers.

B. Also, jumpers had problems with overconfidence.

C. But a fair number of individuals are quick to jump to conclusions.

D. It is certainly possible for them to overthink things to take a decision.

E. We plan to continue the work to trace other problems introduced by jumping

F. The jumpers, however, did not engage in controlled reasoning to the same degree as non-jumpers.

G. Recent studies show that even gathering just a little bit more evidence may help us avoid a major mistake.

第三部分书面表达(共节32分)

第一节(共4小题，第4041题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分、共12分)阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。

You might not have heard of the "fresh start effect", but if youve ever made a New Years resolution. You’re familiar with it. It refers to the human tendency to take action towards achieving a goal after a special occasion or key date has passed.

你可能没听说过“新开始效应”，但如果你曾下过新年决心的话。你对它很熟悉。它指的是在特殊场合或关键日期过后，人们为了实现目标而采取行动的倾向。

The fresh start effect is simple. Most people want to improve themselves in some way. When we hit important milestones. We’re often likely to reflect: are we where we thought we’d be by a certain age? Was this year a successful year, or did we waste it? Annual landmarks like birthdays, or the start of a new year, signify a new time period and an opportunity to leave slip-ups behind and to set new goals for better behavior.

重新开始的效果很简单。大多数人都想在某些方面提高自己。当我们达到重要的里程碑时。我们经常会想:我们在某个年龄会达到我们想要达到的高度吗?今年是成功的一年，还是我们浪费了它？每年的里程碑，比如生日，或者新的一年的开始，都意味着一个新的时期，意味着一个机会，可以把错误抛在身后，为更好的行为设定新的目标。

Research shows that anticipation of a new beginning is a key motivator for the fresh start effect. For example, people aged 29,39,49 etc. were 48% more likely to run a marathon for the first time. When they were approaching a new decade, they were more likely to search for meaning in their lives and try to improve themselves. The reason is simple. When we see our past self as separate from our current self, we feel it easier to introduce new goals and take action.

研究表明，对新开始的期待是“新开始效应”的关键动力。例如，29岁、39岁、49岁等年龄的人第一次参加马拉松的可能性要高出48%。当他们接近新的十年时，他们更有可能寻找生活的意义，努力提高自己。原因很简单。当我们把过去的自己和现在的自己分开时，我们会觉得更容易制定新的目标并采取行动。

Whats interesting about the fresh start effect is that we dont need to wait for big milestones to take advantage of this sudden dose of motivation. Studies show that the firs! day of each month and even each week can also inspire us. These days, known as "temporal landmarks", encourage us to step back and evaluate our current situation. And when we do this. we gain the motivation to be better: we become more driven and more productive. That is why people are more likely to start diets or exercise plans on Monday, rather than the next day.

“重新开始效应”的有趣之处在于，我们不需要等到重大的里程碑，就可以利用这种突然产生的动力。研究表明冷杉!每个月的一天，甚至每个星期的一天也可以激励我们。这些日子，被称为“时间里程碑”，鼓励我们退后一步，评估我们的现状。当我们这样做的时候。我们获得了变得更好的动力:我们变得更有动力，更有效率。这就是为什么人们更有可能在周一开始节食或锻炼计划，而不是第二天。

Fresh starts are exciting opportunities to learn from your mistakes and move forward. So if youre currently experiencing loss of motivation, questioning the meaning of your work, or just feel like youre stuck in a rut【一成不变】, why dont you use the fresh start effect in your own life?

全新的开始是令人兴奋的机会，让你从错误中学习并继续前进。所以，如果你现在正经历失去动力，质疑你工作的意义，或者感觉自己陷入了窠梏，为什么不在自己的生活中运用“重新开始效应”呢?

40.According to the passage, what is “fresh start effect”?

根据文章，什么是“fresh start effect”?

41.Why is it that "anticipation of a new beginning is a key motivator for the fresh start effect"?

为什么“对新开始的期待是新开始效应的关键动力”?

42.Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.

请判断下列哪个部分是错误的，然后在下面划线并解释为什么。

◆A fresh start like the first day of each week is a time when we forget about our mistakes and move forward.

像每周的第一天这样一个全新的开始，是我们忘记错误并继续前进的时候。

43.Besides the fresh start effect, in what other ways do you motivate yourself in your life?除了重新开始效应，在生活中你还用什么方式激励自己?

(In about 40 words)